Turkish bath hammam in a private house. Important nuances in the construction of a hammam with your own hands. Main stages of construction

A private bath for residents of a private house is a real find, and a real Turkish hammam is almost the ultimate dream. Today we will talk about the key points in the construction of oriental baths, their temperature and climate conditions, methods of finishing and organizing the interior space.

What are the key features of a hammam

There are a lot of characteristic differences in the oriental bath, but if there is a zest among them, then this is definitely an all-penetrating moist heat that literally fills the bathhouse. Heating in the hammam penetrates literally from everywhere: from walls, deck chairs, floors and most items in the interior. Unfortunately, the correct distribution of heat often requires that some specific changes were initially included in the design of the building, including the correct layout, which is why not every building or room can be equipped under the hammam.

Another invariable feature of the hammam can be called without much thought the rich, artsy interior decoration: from materials for decoration to special colorful details of interior decoration. All this requires significant financial investments, therefore, usually a home hammam is built as compact as possible, but properly organized.

Even in a limited space, you can organize a pleasant stay with all the necessary attributes inherent in the oriental bath

However, the oriental bath is not only a pretentious interior and climate, but also a traditional set of water and hygiene procedures. Anyone can learn how to conduct them correctly, but for this you need to get rid of the hassle of maintaining the right climate. With the use of modern equipment, it is quite possible to avoid the hardships of a stoker and focus on receiving guests. It is on these issues that we will focus today.

Room layout and wall material

Initially, a hamam is a public bath, the plan of the building resembles an incandescent lamp in a section: a narrow elongated section with a dressing room and a rest room, followed by a round main hall, from which small steam rooms diverge in all directions. Each of them maintains its own temperature and humidity, so that each of the visitors can choose the conditions of soaring to their liking.

Since the preferences of visitors to a home hammam are unlikely to be so diverse, the climate in it can be kept unchanged or devices can be used to fine-tune temperature and humidity. The main task is to ensure the correct temperature zoning: the hammam should get warmer as you move away from the entrance. Therefore, the ideal layout is three consecutive rooms:

1. Entrance vestibule and seating area. Their size and arrangement is chosen according to individual preferences, stylistic binding is also not required here.
2. Main room with sun loungers. Here, the norm per visitor is at least 3.5-4 m 2, this is the most spacious room, besides, it contains everything necessary for taking water procedures.
3. Steam room. The area norm per person here is about 2.5 m 2. In principle, there can be two steam rooms, sometimes such a solution is more profitable. The main source of heating of the bath is located in this place.
4. Technical room with a separate entrance, where the source of heat and steam is located.

The hammam can also be equipped with a salt room, a font or pool, a toilet, a shower, rooms for aromatherapy or spa treatments that cannot be carried out in a common room.

The presence of additional premises is very attractive, but they cannot be organized with simple hollow partitions. With humidity tending to absolute, even moisture-resistant grades of GKL will not last long. Therefore, the internal walls should be laid out in blocks. Special grades of porous concrete or warm ceramics are optimal in this regard. They are resistant to high humidity, and low thermal conductivity will make it easier to organize minor temperature differences in different areas. The thickness of the walls should allow heat to be concentrated in the steam room and the main room, i.e. about 25-30 cm. If the central room or steam room adjoins external walls, they should be provided with proper insulation and protection against steam, in accordance with the internal temperature and humidity.

Climate and heating source of the Turkish bath

Hamam is perhaps the coldest type of bath. Even in the steam room, the temperature rarely exceeds 60-70 ºС; in the treatment room, the temperature of the human body is maintained or slightly higher. However, simply heating the room to the indicated temperatures will not be enough.

The thing is that the main heat carrier in the hammam is water vapor, respectively, the main heating installation is an open boiling container with water. Ideally, steam should be distributed through channels hidden in the walls and floor. It is preferable to transport steam on a centrifugal fan with plastic blades and housing or on an air pump with a remote motor. Unfortunately, such a scheme is not always possible to implement due to the structural features of the building.

With modern equipment, the "technical filling" of the hammam will take up very little space

Among the modern climate technology in the hammam, you can use steam generators, however, the steam reaches the required density and temperature only when using high-quality special equipment. The main advantage here is the ability to accommodate several steam generating machines instead of laying a network of hidden ventilation ducts.

In a steam room, it is recommended to install wood stove with closed stove. The steam outlet before entering the room must pass through a sufficiently long channel for cooling and normalizing the temperature. The heater itself can be completely lined with heat-insulating blocks: in this case, it can effectively generate steam with minimal fuel loads, however, the bath will reach normal thermal conditions without additional heating sources in at least 3-5 hours.

To speed up the warming up of the hammam before use and to avoid abundant condensation of steam during warming up, heating elements are placed in the walls, floor and deck chairs. In a traditional Turkish bath, their role was played by channels through which hot water flows, but it is quite difficult to implement such a heating scheme on your own. Nevertheless, infrared heating films can be hidden under the tiling, a water coil or an electric cable can be hidden in the floor, and in a modern hammam it is not customary to disdain radiant heating from ceramic long-wave heaters.

Ventilation and special equipment

With a strong desire for the traditional color of the hammam, organizing the correct distribution of steam is quite easy. In such conditions, either plastic or stainless steel should be chosen as the material for ventilation ducts.

If it is not possible to lay channels hidden in the walls, their location is possible in the lower corner along the perimeter of the main hall. In this case, a parapet of aerated concrete blocks is erected along the contour of the room, which is also supplied with heating sources under the finishing layer. In this case, the steam will not have time to condense on the way to the outlets, and in the main hall there will be enough space for guests to sit or lie down.

The blower fan should operate at minimum speed, the speed of the air saturated with steam at the outlet should not exceed 1 m/s. When organizing such a regime, a remote engine will only benefit: if desired, you can install a V-belt drive to regulate the flow rate. Ordinary duct fans are also often used, although their actual service life is limited to three to five years. In such a case, speed control can be done either on a small frequency converter or by shorting the channel with an adjustable damper. It is also highly desirable to be able to reverse the flow with switching to discharge into the outdoor environment - so the drying of the bath after use will be the fastest, and it will take less time to maintain sanitary conditions inside.

One of characteristic features hammam is a more complex sewerage device. Ladders on the floor do not fit, while there should be no water under your feet. For this reason, the bath rooms have several drain holes with siphon gates and an extensive system of waste channels. Ideally, small trickles of water should flow inside the deep seams between the cladding elements, while the surface itself remains practically dry and non-slip.

Interior decoration

From the inside, the hamam is finished only with high-quality materials with a claim to exclusive decorative value. Most natural materials of this class have natural water resistance and the ability to accumulate the optimal amount of heat and radiate it in a specific spectrum. Traditionally, hammam is finished with marble tiles, mosaics and precious woods.

From more budgetary materials, you can offer:

• For walls: smalt for pool decoration, mosaic or small-format tiles.
• For the floor: porcelain stoneware, high-quality Italian tiles, porcelain tiles, as well as terrace or deck boards.

The most difficult thing in a hammam is to finish the ceiling. Since it is not heated, water will constantly accumulate on the surface. For this reason, the ceiling should preferably be domed. The easiest way to implement this is with a stretch film on a 3D frame: water will collect into drops on an absolutely hydrophobic surface and flow down the walls, partially evaporating. By the time they reach the height at which vacationers can lean against the walls, the drops have time to heat up from them to an acceptable temperature. Another way of finishing can be called a rack ceiling with the organization of an inclined hydro-barrier in the cavity above it to drain condensate.

Finishing the hammam is greatly simplified by the minimum number of connections, because all communications in the main room and the steam room are necessarily hidden. However, the absence of violations of the plane and clear geometry of the rooms can be achieved only with careful preparation: first, the construction of the foundation of the walls from blocks and the arrangement of all technical cavities with their contents, then preparatory plastering, installation of the heating system, another layer of plaster, waterproofing and installation of facing materials.

A separate topic for conversation is the arrangement of sunbeds. Ideally, high-quality solid marble should be used here, but this is quite an expensive pleasure. An alternative can be products made of polymer concrete, which differ not so much appearance, how much heat capacity and thermal conductivity. With the independent manufacture of artificial stone slabs, it is quite possible to integrate film heating elements into them.

Invariable attributes of a hammam

In conclusion, we note the main elements of interior decoration, which must certainly be present in any hammam, even the simplest and most modest. First of all, it is a bowl filled with heated water, the so-called greenhouse. It serves as a source for water procedures and ablution, the water in it is constantly replaced, circulating through a storage water heater.

The second bowl is called kurna - it is also constantly filled with liquid and does not have a drain; taps with hot and cold water are connected to it. In kurna, foam is prepared for soap massage. Both bowls must be either made of solid stone (onyx, marble), or lined with mosaic tiles on all visible surfaces. The use of artificial stone and polymer concrete products for these purposes is also fully justified.

Unlike sun loungers, the massage table has a slightly higher height and richer decoration. The treatment table is located in the immediate vicinity of the kurna and, as a rule, is not adjacent to the walls. For peeling procedures, which always follow at the beginning of taking a hamam, a special camel hair glove is required, and for a soapy massage, a bag called “Kopuk Torbasi”.

For each visitor, a pair of slippers with wooden or cork soles and one large towel should be kept in stock, which can be wrapped from shoulders to knees. Traditionally, in the hammam they drink coffee with sweets, so the presence of a mini-kitchen in the rest room will come in handy.

You can take a steam bath in a Turkish bath without leaving your own apartment. But first you have to work hard and independently equip the hammam sauna in your bathroom. If earlier no one thought about the implementation of such a project, then with the advent of steam generators and insulating materials, everything changed.

Turkish bath in the apartment - how much space does it need?

It should be noted right away that building a hammam in an apartment will not work when it comes to small-sized housing. The area on which the Turkish bath can fit must be at least 1.5x1 m 2. With this approach, the free space inside the sauna will be 1.3x0.9 m 2. Do not forget that in the apartment you still need to allocate space for the installation of a steam generator unit and filters. The latter are most often installed in a riser or in specially made hatches near the sauna.

In general, a hammam is an ideal option for a home with free space. Especially when you consider that in the Turkish bath there must be a high (about 3 meters) ceiling, which, during the construction or adjustment of the existing premises, needs to be given a domed shape. The owners, who have decided to equip the hammam at home with their own hands, should make sure that the future sauna is well isolated from other rooms, has a high-quality exhaust hood, sewerage, pipelines with hot and cold water.

Hamam is classified as a complex engineering device, therefore, even in the bathroom, this type of sauna is recommended to be equipped, focusing on a pre-made drawing. In the process of drafting the project, we take into account the layout of the apartment, the features of plumbing and electrical wiring.

On a self-drawn drawing, all the nuances invisible to the eye must be present, only in this way it will be possible to build a truly effective and safe hammam. If the owner of the apartment has no experience in designing, then it is better for him to seek help from specialists.

We make a hammam in the bathroom - assembly in 4 stages

During the design of the Turkish bath, much attention is paid to the ceiling, which, according to tradition, should have a domed shape. But since a dome of a suitable size in the bathroom of a city apartment will not be profitable (it is able to take up the space of a small room), it is worth finding an alternative to it. As the latter, an oblique ceiling surface is ideal, along which, as well as along a domed ceiling, drops of steam will immediately flow onto the walls.

We equip the ceiling space with a watering can of a tropical shower. It is mandatory to mount ventilation with a direct outlet to the ventilation shaft. Since the ventilation window must be closed during the operation of the cabin, we equip it with a special valve.

Then we proceed to plumbing and other work:

1. 1. The further workflow resembles the steps that are performed when equipping a shower stall. The difference lies in the fact that cold water must also be brought to the steam generator, and drained from it into the sewer. We equip the steam generator with a copper tube, through which steam will be supplied to the sauna (the nozzle is laid under the bench).
2. 2. In the next step, we mount the cabin. For its manufacture, we purchase moisture-resistant drywall, the product is marked with the GKLV type, and a metal profile (UW-50, UW-75), from which we assemble the supporting base. From the inside, we sheathe the finished frame with two layers of thermal insulation, for this purpose it is better to purchase polystyrene foam.
3. 3. The floors in the hammam must have a slope that will not allow water to linger on the surface. For a comfortable pastime in the sauna, we build a concrete bench, if the space parameters allow, then we equip it with a back. In order for the bench to be able to withstand a lot of weight, in the manufacturing process we reinforce it with a metal mesh. If possible, we equip the bench and floors with the "warm floor" system. Although in a small sauna it is enough to create comfortable conditions by first dousing the surfaces with hot water.
4. 4. At the next stage, we perform waterproofing of all surfaces of the hammam, including the bench. Everything is tiled.

Benches and floors are best equipped with a "warm floor" system

The door to the hammam can be made using an aluminum profile and tempered glass. We leave a small gap between the canvas and the floor covering, which will ensure the flow of fresh air. Sauna doors can be made of wood, but glass is easier to maintain, which in turn does not allow fungus to multiply. Unlike wood, a glass product is not subject to deformation due to temperature changes and high humidity.

Installation of a steam generator device - how does it happen?

Installation of the steam generator is carried out in a dry and well-ventilated area. We place the heat-insulated steam pipeline under a slope, which will not allow condensate to linger on it. To exclude direct contact of human skin with hot steam, we select the nozzle outlet under the bench. We place it at a height of four centimeters and above above the floor surface. In addition, no obstacles should be encountered in the path of the outgoing steam jet.

The standard set with the steam generator comes with a control panel, which is mounted outside in front of the entrance to the hammam, and a temperature sensor - it is installed, like the steam nozzle, under the bench. As soon as the temperature in the sauna drops, the sensor sends a command to the generator so that the device continues to pump steam. The control panel has the following functions:

• Turn on, turn off;
• timer and temperature;
• pause button;
• cockpit lighting key;
• flavoring and steam regulator.

As a rule, models of steam generators specially designed for sauna equipment can be bought with all the necessary attachments and working elements:

• dispenser and tanks for aromas;
• decalcifier (prevents scale formation);
• waterproof lamps and fan;
• step-down transformer (required for the operation of the lighting system).

As for the power of the generator set, we choose it based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future sauna. For the hammam option in the bathroom, equipment with a power of 3.5 kW is sufficient.

The above information makes it clear that the apartment hammam is not a bulky addition to the usual bathroom. In fact, a hammam is the same shower cabin that can be used daily, and if you want to take a steam bath, all that remains is to turn on the steam generator. By the way, do not be afraid that the decision to build a hammam in your bathroom can cause inconvenience to the neighbors. The steam generator works quietly, and the resulting steam goes into the sewerage system.

Turkish bath or hammam is a great pleasure for body and soul. But if steam baths and saunas in the city are already at every turn, then hammams are less common, and it makes sense for a true lover of soft steam to put a hammam on his own. suburban area. It is quite possible.

What is a hammam and where did this phenomenon come from in our lives

The origin of this bath is not Turkish, but ancient Roman - from Roman baths. Steam from water boiling outside the room was fed into the holes in the walls, and the stove heated the underground on poles. But in Turkey, baths have become truly widespread, because the prophet Mohammed proclaimed that the purity of the body of a Muslim is half of his faith, and declared regular visits to the hammam obligatory. The first Russian hammam was incredibly luxuriously built in Tsarskoye Selo, designed by Ippolit Monighetti.

In Europe, hammams originated in the 19th century and were considered a panacea even for asthma and cholera. They are traditionally spacious and luxurious, and marble and mosaics are used for decoration. They have certain principles of architecture, in particular - a domed vault so that water does not collect in the corners and drip on vacationers.

The device and differences from the steam bath and sauna

Hammam is a very special treat. Despite the fact that it, like any bath, uses the effect of temperature on a person, the principles of this effect are very different.

Sauna

In the sauna, the temperature can reach up to 120 0 with almost very low humidity. This is a huge burden on the heart, sweating is difficult, and the most important thing in any bath is the cleansing of the body from toxins and toxins through the skin with the help of sweating. But the sauna requires the least space, it does not imply a mandatory font and can be installed even in a city apartment.

Russian steam bath

Much better parameters for health - a combination of temperature and humidity - are maintained in a Russian bath. But even there there are extreme values. At such temperature and humidity, the heart and blood vessels also do not feel the best way. Rescues instant cooling in the font. But if you do not have a very hardy heart, it is also better to avoid a steam bath.

Turkish hamam

In the Turkish bath, humidity is almost 100%, and the temperature of the air, stone floors and benches does not exceed those same 40 0, to which the temperature of the human body in the bath rises to the maximum. It is much longer and better tolerated and is available for visiting even for children, "cores" and hypertensive patients. You will lose no less liquid, and cleanse your body no worse than in other types of baths. You will make less effort for this - no need to wave a broom, endure the heat, jump out at a run and dive into an ice font. You will be able to easily communicate in the process of soaring, which is practically excluded in the sauna and steam bath. In addition, there is an advantage purely for women: a hammam is much more beneficial for the face, as it does not cause such a blow to the facial vessels and saturates the face with moisture.

But building a hammam is a rather time-consuming undertaking. It is lined with rather expensive materials - up to marble, mosaics and smalt, it is necessary to provide for heating benches and floors, it needs complex electrical equipment and consumes a lot of electricity for heating. In order to build a hammam at a reasonable cost, one must have a number of special knowledge. In addition, many modern materials are a good substitute for traditional and expensive ones. So building a hammam with your own hands is quite possible.

Examples of private small hammams (photo gallery)

Tiny hammam, in the center of the floor - a ladder Hammam with illumination in the form of a "starry sky" Luxurious marble hammam Hammam for one bench with chicken Stepped mosaic benches Floor construction hammam to save space Mosaic hammam with corner benches Hammam with backlight and rounded lines Hammam oriental with gilding and a dome Hammam in blue glass mosaic Hammam in a simple tile

Preparing for construction

If you build a Turkish bath as a separate building, then the cost of its operation will be prohibitive. In order to warm up a stone, even well-insulated, building before visiting in winter, you need to heat it for several days. Therefore, we use one of the premises of our country house or even a large apartment to equip the Turkish bath. It will only need to be rebuilt taking into account bath requirements. The sequence of preparatory steps will be as follows.

Summarizing Requirements

This includes a conjectural decision: what kind of benches and how many do you want, what height of the ceilings, what kind of scent system, musical accompaniment, and so on.

Choosing a room for the future hammam

The number of benches, the presence of a massage table, the height of the ceilings depend on the room. You need to decide how many people your hammam is being built for at the same time. The hammam must have a domed ceiling, so the top point of the ceiling must be about 2.7 meters high.

You need at least one full-fledged bench for lying 0.6x2 meters. If it is possible to squeeze a massage table into the hammam, which is called “chebek” in Turkish, with a free area around it for a massage therapist, then it will be absolutely fine; but this is optional. Instead of a massage table, it is better to place another bench.

Optimal hydro- and thermal insulation materials

An excellent modern choice - elements-panels made of Wedi or Lux Element's hard-foamed polystyrene made in Germany - light, durable, reinforced with fiberglass mesh, with cement-based waterproofing on both sides.

They are resistant to fire, withstand high temperatures, do not emit harmful substances and are immensely durable. In addition, heavy finishing materials hold very well on them: stone, porcelain stoneware, tiles, mosaics. No plaster or drywall can compare. The dome can be formed from ready-made such dome-shaped panels.

From the same material, you can pick up ready-made benches and massage tables of almost any configuration.

Choosing finishing materials

The design and price of your hammam largely depends on them. There are quite a few options, they differ in the complexity of installation and price.

Important! Hammam is always finished with moisture-resistant and heat-resistant material with high structural strength. The tree is out of place.

Marble is the ideal material for a hammam. But it is very expensive and difficult to install with your own hands.

Onyx is a very beautiful semi-precious and translucent stone that creates an amber atmosphere. Even more expensive than marble.

Porcelain stoneware is an amazingly beautiful and durable material, it perfectly imitates marble and semi-precious onyx.

A very interesting, but time-consuming option is a loose smalt mosaic. You can show your artistic talents and lay out a lot of panels on the walls and benches, but the construction of the hammam will take a long time.

We opted for a glue-based mosaic - it's a reasonable compromise in terms of price and quality, besides, it is beautiful and allows you to make gently curved surfaces. such a mosaic can be made of natural stone, glass, ceramics. We liked the glass one better.

What lamps are best?

It is done in advance for the same reason: it determines the design features. Lamps can be ceiling and wall, on the ceiling - point low-voltage halogen or LED, on the walls - special sconces. LED strips available. The safest fiber optic lighting is most welcome. With its help, for example, you can create a "starry sky" on the ceiling of the hammam.

Choice of heating method for sun loungers, floors and walls. You can choose both electric and water, but the second will be more economical and safer.

Selection or design of a room for equipment

The technical room will contain an external steam generator, a heating device (for example, an electric or gas boiler for heating water or thermostats for "warm floor" in the seats, floor and walls) and lighting transformers. It is good if this room is above the ceiling or under the floor of the hammam.

Steam generator power calculation

The power of the steam generator also depends on the size of the hammam. In the country, you are usually limited by the power of the electrical connection. There is a dependence: for a hammam 2x3 meters, you need a steam generator with a capacity of at least 9 kilowatts, and if the hammam on the metro is longer and wider, then there are already two steam generators, with a total capacity of at least 18 kilowatts. This is a lot. It is also necessary to calculate - if this heating method is chosen - the power of electric heaters. In case of hard water, the steam generator is connected through a special filter, or a water softener is installed in the system before it.

Definition and solution of power supply issues

Hammam will require a higher power supply than the power supply at home, you need to take care of this in advance.

Defining and addressing water supply issues

It is necessary to think over the water supply and sewerage system of the hammam. In no case should its drain be connected to a common septic tank, it will simply choke due to volley bath discharges. You need to dig a separate drain hole.

Thinking through the ventilation system

If necessary, you need to make it forced, with the help of fans, to remove excess steam so that it does not condense on the walls. If desired, you can also design an aromatization system if you do not like the smell of pure water vapor.

Drafting

And only after all this, you can begin to draw up or adjust a drawing that satisfies the premises and the desired qualities of the future hammam, drawn up taking into account SNIPs and GOSTs, with visualization and specification.

Then we draw up a specification of materials and verify the estimate for construction. Considering that we already have the premises, there will be no costs for the construction of the foundation, walls and roof.

Examples of drawings of home small hammams built into existing premises (photo gallery)

Scheme of a free-standing hammam with two sun loungers Scheme of the hammam "Mulsi", side view Scheme of the hammam "Malsi", top view Scheme of the hammam "Milennium", views from the side Scheme of the hammam "Milennium", top view Drawing of a large hammam with a relaxation room Drawing of a small hammam with an angular outline Detailed drawing of a hammam Scheme of a hammam with sun loungers

Estimated estimate (based on the cost of a real triangular hammam measuring 2.81 by 2.42 m, 2.5 m high) for self-construction

Thermal insulation and other materials:

Purchase of equipment:

Position	Name	Specification	Price, rub)	Amount (rub)
1	Steam generator (we chose Harvia HGX-90)	1 piece	37300	37300
2	Automatic drain valve for auto cleaning	1 piece	10500	10500
3	Aromatizer in the steam room Harvia	5 liters	2600	2600
4	Aroma dispenser	1 piece	10200	10200
5	Harvia audio speakers	1 pair	6000	6000
6	Door ALDO matt 190x70 cm	1 piece	19500	19500
7	Brass taps	2 pieces	3500	7000
8	Moisture-resistant spotlights	3 piece	1500	4500
9	Polystyrene kurna	1 piece	15000	15000
10	Polystyrene bed	2 pieces	12000	24000
11	Sanitary part (water heating of the floor and deck chairs, manifold, fittings, etc.)	Set	11000	11000
12	Electrical part	Set	3500	3500
13	ventilation part	Set	4500	4500
14	Copper steam line with fittings and drain	3 running meters	550	1650
15	Drain drain with water seal	1 piece	1600	1600
Total			158850

Finishing and facing materials:

The total amount is about two hundred thousand rubles, which is not so great for such an ambitious project as a home hammam.

Required Tools

1. Construction mixer for concrete or mixing container
2. shovel
3. Trowels
4. Plaster trowels
5. Drill with drills for metal and concrete
6. screwdriver
7. Hydraulic level
8. Hammer
9. rubber mallet

The process of building a hammam with your own hands

Each item on this list requires special training, "surfing" the Internet and studying a large amount of engineering literature. But it is quite accessible science.

1. From the common system at the entrance to the hammam room, hot and cold water is diluted, taps are mounted.
2. The sewerage system is being installed. All grate drains must have water seals in their design to avoid unpleasant odors.
3. The ventilation system is being laid. An indispensable detail is a condensate collector that prevents water vapor from entering the general ventilation system of your home.
4. A lighting system is being installed from fiber-optic (including for the "starry sky") and low-voltage lamps. According to SNIPs, their voltage should not be higher than 12 volts, and their transformers are located outside the hammam, in the technical room.
5. The steam generator is installed in the technical room; a system of steam nozzles is installed, steam pipelines are laid to them.
6. Aroma system installed.
7. The walls and floor are plastered with concrete mortar with the addition of waterproofing additives for leveling and primary waterproofing. Such "pool" insulation will not allow superheated steam with its high ability to infiltrate to destroy the walls of the room.
8. The door is made of glass or transparent heat-resistant plastic.
9. The walls are sheathed with polystyrene foam panels.
10. Plank beds made of expanded polystyrene are installed.
11. A heating system is installed on the walls, floor and deck chairs - electric or water.

    If an electric heating system is selected, then each section of the floor, walls and each lounger has a separate electrical circuit and a separate thermostat. You can change their temperature individually. The design of the heating system is similar to what we are used to in apartments, but water pipes or heating cables are laid more often. The cable should have a heating power of about 250 watts per square meter.

12. Speakers are mounted at the very bottom of the seats or in the ceiling. At acoustic systems for baths, the columns are moisture- and heat-resistant.
13. Finishing works are being carried out - mosaic laying. We check all surfaces for small irregularities. Align them if necessary. It is important to choose the ideal adhesive for each brand of mosaic. You need to orient the mosaic pattern, if any, along the vertical of the door, not the walls. Carefully glue the mosaic on all straight and curved surfaces. We take off the paper. We rub the seams with a suitable grout.
14. We install a kurna - a bowl under the taps.
15. Your hammam is ready.

Optimal temperature indicators

The human body temperature in any environment is not more than 40 0 ​​. This is achieved by the fact that when the temperature of the environment rises, a person sweats and releases excess heat with moisture into the surrounding air. This is the basis of the principle of the impact of any bath, they differ in the ratio of temperature and humidity.

The best feeling at a certain combination of humidity and temperature is graphically expressed by homothermal curves: below the first of the curves - the optimal combination of temperature up to 90 0 and humidity up to 80%. It is the combination of a temperature of about 40% and almost one hundred percent humidity that gives hammams.

Features of using a hammam

• After completing all the work, you need to let your hammam stand for a couple of weeks, slightly maintaining the heating of the surfaces. This is done so that all solutions and adhesives dry completely.
• The first start-up should be long and gradual, with a slow increase in the heating temperature. This is done so that thermal expansion does not cause the surface to crack. This is especially dangerous for all-stone and all-marble surfaces.
• For short breaks in the operation of the hammam, the entire heating should not be turned off. If the break is expected to be long, you need to leave the heating on the benches and the massage table.
• It is necessary to keep the hammam clean and often clean with special detergents for marble, tile, glass.
• If the water is hard, it is necessary to remove scale from the steam generator tank on heating elements with a solvent according to the instructions, depending on the hardness at certain intervals: the harder the water, the more often. In addition, the steam generator must self-clean every few hours: drain the water from the tank and draw a new one.
• While vaping, the vent should be kept ajar, since the air exchange you need is 4-6 volumes of your hammam per hour.

If you follow these simple rules, your hammam will serve you for a long time and will not cause any problems.

Hammam construction secrets (video)

The construction of a hammam is a laborious task, but that makes it more honorable. If you did it, then you can be proud of yourself with good reason.

The Turkish bath gives no less healing effect than the Russian one. But they have different principles of influence on the body. In the hammam, the body is heated by low-temperature steam, in the Russian bath - by high-temperature steam. There are cardinal differences in the arrangement of these places of rest and health-improving procedures. It is quite possible to make a hammam with your own hands, having studied the features of the device and step-by-step instructions for making.

What is hamam

What in Russia is usually called a "hammam" is actually a steam room of a whole complex of premises - a Turkish bath. This steam room has its own name - steam room (“steam room”). According to the principle of its device, we equip it in private houses, apartments and cottages.

In the design of this interior, everything is subject to one rule: the convenience of the visitor. Great importance is attached to the aesthetic perception of the steam room, which promotes relaxation and good rest. Since the bath is Turkish, its design is made in oriental style. The main decor elements are ceramic tiles, mosaics, natural stone. Mostly white marble is used. There are necessarily arched and domed structural elements.

If you are interested in looking at the most beautiful baths in the world, we advise you to read the article

Hamam in Turkey is a traditional place where relatives and friends get together to relax, communicate and solve family affairs in a comfortable relaxing environment.

Unlike the Russian bath, the Turkish one does not use brooms to control the amount of heat supplied to the body. Despite the high level of air humidity, reaching 100%, the sensations are completely dependent on temperature. The pain threshold of sensitivity of the skin is +45°C. Low-temperature steam allows you to stay in this room for a long time. Staying in a Russian steam room is always short-term.

Advantages and disadvantages

One of the main advantages of the Turkish bath is the gentle effect of heat. The pores of the body open slowly and are gradually saturated with moisture. Blood circulation improves, the processes of self-purification of the body are activated: the removal of toxins and toxins begins. This effect is achieved by a special arrangement of the room. Despite the high level of air humidity, reaching 100%, hot steam is transferred here surprisingly easily.

Arrangement of a Turkish bath and decoration with natural materials is possible in a modern style

Among the shortcomings, several points can be distinguished:

• high energy intensity: on average, a hammam warms up within 3-4 hours;
• the complexity of the work on the arrangement of the premises.
• high price of finishing materials and necessary equipment;

Device Features

The main principle of the hammam is to ensure uniform heating of each of its elements. This effect is achieved in one of two ways:

• electric heating;
• water heating through piping configurations.

Soft steam is provided by the operation of the steam generator. In the past, this task was performed by a large cauldron filled with water and constantly heated.

In a classic hammam, a steam generator is not installed; the required air humidity is achieved by evaporating water from heated surfaces.

In the Turkish steam room, marble is traditionally used for sunbeds. But it is quite replaceable with ceramic mosaics, which reduces the cost of construction estimates. The tiles are laid on special thermo-moisture-proof panels made on the basis of polyurethane foam. The seat and/or backrest (depending on the model) have recesses for laying water heating pipes. The sunbeds are made of brick, lined with marble.

For relaxation and wellness procedures in the hamam are several interior items:

• massage tables;
• seats;
• sunbeds.

Modern models of the listed products have the ability to adjust the height, angle of inclination, planting depth. They can be free-standing or wall-mounted. One of the features of interior items is rounded corners.

Hamam design features - rounded shapes and corners, domed ceiling, soft lighting

The floor and walls in the hammam are always warm, which is achieved by the same methods: electric or water heating. The ceiling necessarily has a domed shape, which ensures that condensate drains along the walls of the vault and excludes the formation of drops. The optimal height of the room is 2.6 m.

To ensure air exchange, natural or forced ventilation is arranged.

If a hammam is installed in a house or apartment, the air ducts are connected to a separate exhaust duct that takes the exhaust air outside the building.

This approach eliminates the penetration of steam and odors into living and service rooms.

Necessary tools and materials, drawings

Layout plan of rooms and elements of the hammam health complex

Hamam projects can be different, involving the use of various building and finishing materials. But there are only two technological solutions for the construction of these premises:

• multilayer (traditional);
• lightweight (panel).

Multilayer method

The first option provides for the implementation of a complex of construction works on heat, steam and waterproofing. The pie in the direction from the wall to the room looks like this:

• plaster;
• insulation;
• reinforcing mesh;
• metal-plastic pipes;
• facing material.

The total thickness of the layers is 8–10 cm. Among the advantages of this construction method is the uniform heating of the walls and the possibility of mounting heavy vertical marble finishing elements. This is the most suitable option for building a hammam in a separate building, an extension to a residential building, in the basement.

Lightweight Method

A lightweight method of the device consists in gluing pre-aligned walls with reinforced polystyrene foam panels. This is a new building material, characterized by low thermal conductivity, high strength and tightness. The most popular panels are Wedi, Do it, Luxelements. This construction method is optimal for a hammam in an apartment building, in fitness centers and spas.

The small size of the steam room is not a reason to abandon the stages of design, calculations and drawing up drawings. Consider that a hammam is a room with a high level of humidity, which needs high-quality hydro and vapor barriers. When designing your Turkish bath, you can focus on standard designs and drawings.

Layout plan for ventilation, heating circuits, steam and water supply

Room requirements and choice of materials

The project should provide for a ventilation and air dehumidification system

Regardless of where the hamam will be located, in a building specially built for this purpose or in an existing room, a number of rules are observed:

• ceiling height - 250–260 cm;
• the minimum number of rooms: a steam room, a shower room, for relaxation, storage of technical equipment and equipment maintenance;
• ceilings and walls must withstand significant weight loads;
• ventilation and sewerage are required;
• the ceiling should be domed.

The choice of materials depends on the method of building a hammam with your own hands: traditional or lightweight. Freestanding buildings are built of brick, foam, gas or. A good choice is wood concrete. These building stones are made from sawdust concrete, which has low thermal conductivity. The construction of walls from wood concrete makes it possible to save on insulation.

The following materials are used for interior decoration:

• natural marble;
• smalt;
• ceramic tiles.

From the mosaic, you can lay out patterns of any complexity and combine them with natural marble cladding.

Mineral wool and foam plastic act as a heat insulator for walls and ceilings. When choosing heat-insulating panels, it is recommended to pay attention to domestic developments - the Deluxe and Teplofom brands. These products are made from extruded polystyrene (EPS) reinforced with fiberglass. The main difference between these materials lies in the composition of the polymer-cement layer necessary for fixing the reinforcing mesh. Specifications largely identical.

Technical equipment

For a water heating device, metal-plastic pipes with fittings will be required. In addition to them, you will need:

• collector or comb to create a heating circuit;
• circulation pump;
• metal mesh for reinforcement;
• concrete for screed;
• plaster mortar.

Electric heating is carried out using cables laid in the walls, ceiling, deck chairs. The system is equipped with a thermostat that allows you to set the desired temperature. This is a more economical way of heating surfaces than water. But more costly during the operation of the premises due to high tariffs for electricity. However, it has the advantage of being maintenance-free.

If the hammam will receive visitors in a constant mode, it must be kept heated all the time. This will eliminate the intensive formation of condensate and will save energy required for heating the screed and finishing materials.

Tools

To perform construction and finishing work, you will need a set of tools.

• concrete mixer;
• perforator;
• screwdriver;
• Bulgarian;
• tile cutter;
• a set of spatulas;
• metalwork tool;
• ladders or platforms;
• tools for performing electrical work.

How to build a hammam with your own hands in stages

Preparatory work on the construction of a hammam begins with the installation of engineering networks: sewerage, water supply, heating. The arrangement of the Turkish bath is started after the completion of the rough work: concreting, subflooring, plastering the walls.

Draft work has been completed, now you can start warming and finishing the steam room

The basis

An important stage in the construction of a hammam is the insulation of all surfaces of the room. An electric cable is most often used as heating, since the water circuit requires a thicker layer of screed. Electric heating is arranged according to the principle of electric floor heating. The pie looks like this:

• ceiling or wall;
• waterproofing layer;
• heat insulator;
• heating cable fixed with mounting tape;
• reinforcing layer;
• finishing screed 30–50 mm thick.

You can also use ready-made resistive mats, the use of which greatly simplifies the calculation of the heating power and its installation. On average, for uniform heating of the hammam, a power of 0.5 kW per 1 m 2 is enough. Experts say that the intensity of heating should be 2–2.5 times less than for a sauna.

For laying the heating circuit in the seats, special recesses are cut

When installing water heating of surfaces, sunbeds and seats, they are guided by the principles of installing a water-heated floor. In the cold period of the year, the heating works from the heating system, in the summer - from a water boiler, electric, gas, solid or liquid fuel.

DIY steam generator

In the Turkish bath, it is recommended to maintain the temperature at 45-55°C. Humidity is created by a steam generator. This is a device equipped with an electric heating element and a container of water. The principle of operation and design are in many ways similar to a conventional electric kettle.

Factory steam generators are equipped with automation and remote control

A standard purchased steam generator consists of several elements:

• water tanks;
• filter;
• steam generation unit;
• heating element;
• control panel;
• automatic shutdown sensor at low water level.

For self-production you will need:

• a metal container with thick walls (an empty gas cylinder, a double boiler);
• water tank;
• electric heating element (TEH);
• metal tube with threads and nuts on both sides;
• rubber seals;
• steam outlet;
• flexible hose or pipe for supplying steam to the hammam;
• electrical cable with plug;
• tools: a set of wrenches, a drill, drills.

Stages of work:

1. The gas cylinder is washed with any detergent. Dry. The steamer does not need any preparation.
2. In the lower part of the body of the future steam generator, holes are drilled through which the heater will be attached.
3. Fix the heating element using nuts and rubber gaskets.
4. A water tank is installed next to the body of the steam generator. Two structural elements are connected with a copper tube with an external thread and nuts at both ends. The design is based on the principle of communicating vessels. As the water evaporates in the steam generator, a new portion is supplied from a nearby tank.
5. A hole is drilled in the cover of the housing with a heating element and a hose is attached through which steam will be supplied to the hammam.

A homemade steam generator is installed in a room adjacent to the steam room

How to make sunbeds

The easiest to manufacture and affordable lounger is made of PSB-35 and PSB-50 foam. These materials are malleable to processing and allow you to give the product any shape, make the lines smooth, and the corners rounded.

Various forms of massage tables, seats and loungers promote the correct position of the body for relaxation and rest.

Stages of work:

1. With the help of a knife and a special device for cutting foam, a lounger is formed.
2. The surfaces are reinforced with a fiberglass facade mesh with a density of 145 g/m 2 . It is glued to Ceresit CT 85 glue or to a composition similar in properties. The layer of glue should be such that the mesh is completely immersed in it. In the back or seat of the lounger, a recess is made for mounting the heating. This tunnel is also subject to reinforcement.
3. Apply 2-3 layers of waterproofing mixture. Each next - after the previous one has dried.
4. The sunbed is lined with natural materials or mosaic and ceramic tiles.

The sunbeds and seats in the hammam with mosaic decoration look great

Such a product is able to withstand a weight load of up to 250 kg / m 2.

Sunbeds longer than 2 meters must be divided into three zones, each of which has its own temperature sensor.

How to make kurna for hammam

The arrangement of the hammam provides for the installation of decorative elements, one of which is a kurna. This is an elegant container from which water is drawn for washing the body and cooling the sunbeds. In a traditional Turkish bath, kurnas are made without a drain. The water overflows the bowl and drips onto the floor. In modern hamams, water tanks provide for draining. This simplifies the cleaning of the room and ensures the maintenance of cleanliness.

This source of water is the soloist in the interior of the hammam, all other elements emphasize it.

Kurnas are made from different materials:

• marble;
• beautiful types of natural stone (mainly from onyx);
• foam.

Home-made bowls from PSB-35 are reinforced in the same way as sun loungers, after which they are lined with ceramic or glass mosaics. Stone and marble kurns are heavy and require fixing with glue or sealant. Foam products are recommended to be fixed in a similar way, which will prevent accidental tipping of the container.

Features of the hammam device for summer cottages, apartments and houses

Hamam is convenient because its device does not require large areas. In the country or in a private house, you can build a Turkish bath in the form of a separate building or an extension to an existing one. In this case, special attention will need to be paid to the hydro- and thermal insulation of walls and ceilings. The project will require significant financial costs.

Even if there is a small free area in the bathroom, you can equip a part under the hammam, insulating and finishing the walls and floor with your own hands

It is easier to equip a hammam in an existing room, carefully insulating it and heating the walls, ceiling and floor. This is exactly what they do when building a steam room in an apartment. For a hammam, a room is allocated, autonomous natural or supply and exhaust ventilation is arranged in it. This method is more profitable in terms of financial and labor costs: there is no need to bring communications, build a foundation and walls. It is enough to insulate and veneer all existing surfaces.

The construction of a hammam is a laborious and lengthy process. But upon completion of the work, it will be possible to enjoy pleasant healing procedures. An element of oriental culture will allow you to join the traditions of the peoples of Asian countries. A do-it-yourself hammam built in an apartment, house or country house will become the pride of the owner and will delight the guests.

Turkish bath is not just a place where you can wash yourself. This is a palace of purity for a pleasant rest and recuperation. IN last years there was a passion for the construction of Turkish baths in country houses and even apartments. Many people want to reproduce a piece of Turkey at home as a memory of a beautiful country.

The possibilities for building a hammam are unlimited: any building materials, decor and oriental interior elements, equipment for heating and steam supply, all this is available for sale in a huge assortment. The lack of a large room is also not a problem, even a small shower room can be equipped in a cozy “hamamchik”.

What is hamam

Turkish baths trace their centuries-old history from the ancient Roman baths - term. Turkish bath has a beneficial healing effect on the human body. A distinctive feature of the Turkish bath is that the container with boiling water is located in a separate room, and the steam enters the steam room through special outlets.

In addition to the steam room and the technical block, the Turkish bath has a relaxation room. Hamam differs from other types of baths: Russian, Japanese and Finnish saunas by its mild microclimate: comfortable temperature, high humidity.

In the Turkish bath, a gentle massage with soap foam is used and there are no such stressful procedures as contrast dousing, clapping with brooms, hot steam. Due to the soft delicate action, people with diseases of the cardiovascular system can visit the hamam bath.

The whole atmosphere in the hammam: the design of the halls, heated floors and sun loungers, the supply of warm steam with aromatic oils, diffused light, contributes to the creation of an unusually pleasant atmosphere of a relaxing holiday.

How a classic hammam works

The classical oriental bath consists of several rooms located in beams around the central hall. In the main hall there is a chair or table for massage - gebek. In adjacent rooms there are: a dressing room, technical equipment with a steam generator, steam rooms and a relaxation room.

In a traditional Turkish bath, as a rule, there are several steam rooms with varying degrees of heating, so that visitors can choose a comfortable temperature regime for themselves. The principle of the device and operation of the Turkish bath is quite simple: heat emanates from the surrounding surfaces of the walls, floor and benches and soft, moist steam with flavors is supplied.

There are three pools in the classic hammam. The first pool is filled with warm water, the second is neutral and the third is cold.

Turkish baths are distinguished by rich decoration in oriental style: marble walls and floors, massage tables and sunbeds, kurnas (washbasins without drain), fountains, all kinds of marble and mosaic panels, spectacular lighting in the form of twinkling stars.

Bath ceremony hammam

Turkish bath consists of three rooms. The first room, "jamekyan", serves as a dressing room. In the waiting room, the body is preheated and prepared for further procedures, the air temperature here is maintained at 30 - 35 degrees Celsius.

The next step of the bathing ceremony is the steam room “hararet”. Steam is thrown into the steam room of the hammam, at a temperature of about 45 degrees. The saturation of the air with steam is such that nothing is visible at a distance of more than one meter.

In the steam room, procedures are carried out to cleanse and renew the skin: peeling and soap massage.

Procedures alternate with water washings. For a more pronounced effect, the steam is saturated with essential oils.

The shape of the hamam bath hall resembles a hand: a round platform with a massage table in the center, chebek-tashi, resembles a palm, and paired niches look like fingers. In each bath niche, high humidity and different temperatures are created - from 70 to 100 degrees.

Lastly, they go to the recreation room, “sogukluk”, where you can lie down, relax, drink tea.

Healing properties of the Turkish bath

1. Expanding pores, improving skin breathing, cleansing, moisturizing and rejuvenating.
2. Cleansing the body of toxins and harmful substances.
3. Muscle relaxation and recuperation.
4. Normalization of the respiratory system, prevention and treatment of colds.
5. Pain-relieving action.
6. Relieve stress, improve sleep.
7. Improved digestion.
8. Reducing excess weight.
9. Getting rid of cellulite.

How to build a hamam yourself

Turkish bath hammam is a wonderful addition to the house that you can build with your own hands in 1-3 months. The main condition when creating a hamam is to take into account the features of the Turkish bath. Hamam differs from our traditional Russian bath not only in the design in the oriental style, but also in the way of heating and supplying steam.

The vat of boiling water is located in a separate room, and the steam enters the steam room through special outlets.

To obtain moist, soft and warm steam, which the hammam is so famous for, it is important to avoid mistakes at the design stage and choose the right materials and equipment. The Turkish baths of today are certainly different from their ancient predecessors thanks to the use of modern building materials and automated equipment.

But general principles hammam devices remain the same. Not everyone has the desire and time to go to a public bath. And not everyone has the opportunity to allocate a large area for the construction of a classic hammam with many separate rooms. To do this, it would be necessary to erect an entire building with various communications and special conditions for thermal and waterproofing.

A simpler, budget option is also possible using inexpensive building materials imitating marble, affordable bath accessories, and the necessary set of equipment. As a rule, private Turkish baths consist of 2-3 rooms. Many homeowners want to have their own hammam-style steam room in their own home.

If you have construction and technical skills, and the prospect of becoming a builder, plumber, electrician and designer at the same time, you can build a simple hammam yourself.

Choosing a place to build a hammam

The construction of a hammam begins with the choice of a place. The big advantage of the Turkish bath is that there is no need for a separate building. Buildings of any type are suitable for placing a Turkish bath: cottages, apartments, health centers, provided that the technical requirements are met: plumbing and sewerage, electricity and ventilation.

You should know that you will have to equip two rooms. An economical option for a hammam is a steam room and a utility room. More comfortable hammam - with an additional room for relaxation. At the same time, it will not be necessary to allocate significant areas for a bath, so a Turkish hammam can be successfully built even in a small apartment.

In one room of the hammam there is the bath itself, in the other there is a technical unit with the necessary equipment: an aroma generator, a cleaning filter, a steam generator for Turkish baths, a light projector, an internal heating system for the surface of the steam room - floors, benches and walls, an independent electrical panel.

The size and shape of the steam room is completely determined by the preferences of the owner. Even a tiny pantry can be adapted as a technical department.

The area of ​​the utility room is approximately 1m2. It is desirable that the technical room is located close to the main room. If this is not possible, then no further than 15 meters. When choosing a place for arranging a Turkish bath, it should be borne in mind that after finishing work, the internal dimensions of the room will decrease by 15 cm.

What materials are needed to build a hammam

Hardware stores offer a wide range of special materials for creating a hammam. Unlike the Russian bath, the Turkish hammam never uses wood, only stone and metal.

General requirements for materials for a Turkish bath: high structural strength, thermal and moisture resistance.

natural marble

Marble is considered the ideal choice for finishing the hammam. Since ancient times, natural marble has been the main material for facing walls and benches.

It is pleasant to the touch, retains heat for a long time, allows you to reduce sudden temperature changes, is durable, and emphasizes the status of the owner of the house. The only drawback is the high cost. Soapstone is considered comparable in price, but superior in heat capacity. An excellent substitute for natural stone of expensive breeds is glass mosaic and ceramic tiles.

Smalt

Smalt is often used to finish the hammam. This is a small multi-colored glass mosaic of more than 80 shades, which make up beautiful and original paintings with oriental ornaments. It is very decorative, has the property of inner glow, creates overflows of color.

Smalt is produced in the form of plates or tiles of different sizes from 1 cm2 to 5 cm2. It is rough, transparent, smooth and matte.

Smalt is laid on both flat and curved surfaces. Smalt is a dense, non-porous material with almost zero water absorption. It is cold hardy and heat resistant. Italian smalt made of Venetian glass is especially famous.

Laying out patterns with smalt is quite painstaking work, but the result is worth it. In addition, now there are modern materials in the form of ready-made mosaic panels, which greatly facilitates such a finish.

Ceramic tile

Ceramic tiles - the most affordable and easy to work with finishing material for Turkish baths. Currently, the tile successfully competes with other materials for the hammam, making up an alternative to marble and smalt. Ceramic tile is a familiar material, many people know how to lay it. A wide variety of decor and tile sizes allows you to create a very beautiful interior, get the most intricate shapes and makes it possible to build an inexpensive and perfectly functioning Turkish hammam with your own hands.

How finishing work is done

The construction of a Turkish hamam requires especially careful finishing, which must meet the main requirements - high-quality thermal insulation and waterproofing of the room.

List of construction works:

• installation of thermal insulation;
• installation of waterproofing;
• reflective vapor barrier;
• all communications;
• plastering and screeding;
• final waterproofing;
• facing the floor, walls, tables and deck chairs with ceramic tiles, mosaics, marble and other materials.

During construction work in the hammam, the thickness of the walls and floors is approximately 70 - 100 mm due to the laying of insulation, installation of reflective thermal insulation, waterproofing of surfaces, conducting a water or electric heating system, applying a layer of leveling plaster or screed, finishing waterproofing, finishing with facing materials.

The order of finishing work

The finishing of the room for the hammam begins with the application of a plaster layer, in order to provide additional waterproofing. Next, thermal insulation is carried out: they are covered with a special adhesive-based insulation. Then a reinforcing cage is mounted, to which a road and plaster mesh is attached at a certain interval. The frame is used to install a heating system for walls, floors and benches.

Another method of building a Turkish bath has been developed, in which the load-bearing frame is made of special rigidly foamed polystyrene panels. Now it is a very popular material for the construction of a hammam. High-strength polystyrene is used, comparable in density to wood. The forms and ways of using such panels are very diverse. Not only the walls of the hamam are made of this material, but also curved sunbeds and a ceiling dome, fonts, cornices, pallets and even columns and podiums are cut out. Expanded polystyrene is an environmentally friendly material with a long service life.

Such panels create complete sound, hydro and thermal insulation of the steam room and do not require additional processing. When finishing the steam room with foamed panels, the air warms up faster, the load on the ceilings decreases, the construction time for the hammam is significantly reduced, but financial costs increase.

This technology uses foreign-made materials: Wedi, Doit, LuxElement panels. On top of the expanded polystyrene panels, a thermal circuit made of plastic pipes is installed and then a steel mesh. Next, a plaster layer is applied to finish the room.

What should be the floor in the Turkish bath

The floor in the hammam bath must be equipped with a heating system and a slight slope is observed for a reliable flow of water.

A locking device is mounted in the drain ladder, which prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewerage system. The floor in the Turkish bath consists of two layers of cement-sand screed with waterproofing between them. The floor covering is finished with marble or ceramic tiles, smalt.

Features of the ceiling in the Turkish bath

The ceiling of the steam room in the hammam is often built in the form of a dome. The height of the room should be at least 2.5 m. The dome is not just an original stylistic solution or a tribute to oriental exoticism, but also a design technique that has quite practical significance. Due to the domed shape, the rising steam during condensation does not drip down from the ceiling, but flows down from the gentle vaults along the walls. The unusual shape of the ceiling somewhat complicates the construction.

There are other options for ceiling structures that are less expensive than a dome: arched, vaulted and any other shape, except for a flat one. The architectural design of the Turkish hamam often uses columns.

What are the ways to heat a hammam

In the modern interpretation of the Turkish bath, temperature and humidity are created by internal heating of the room. Heat comes from heated walls, floors, beds. The steam is started by a steam generator.

Depending on the chosen heating method, they are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and provide for heating all surfaces of the steam room: floors, walls, tables, benches.

There are two types of Turkish bath heating - water and electric heating. Electric heating is organized similarly to the "warm floor" system, when electric heating elements are laid under the surfaces. In terms of performance and material costs, water heating is better and more profitable. Regardless of the type of heating chosen, the heating of the hammam must be separate.

If an autonomous heating system is installed in a country house, then it is recommended to provide an additional circuit for the hammam so that in the summer it is not necessary to turn on the general house heating on purpose only to heat the steam room. The construction of a Turkish bath with water heating involves laying a network in the floor, walls and benches water pipes small diameter with constantly circulating hot water. A small electrically heated boiler is placed in the technical department. From it comes the wiring of several contours of metal-plastic pipes, which are laid under the surfaces of the floor, walls and seats.

It is recommended to maintain a constant temperature in the hamam steam room, at least 30C. Six hours before the bathing procedure, the sensors set the heating temperature to 45°C. It is easier to regulate the temperature of heating surfaces with water heating.

Turkish bath lighting and power supply

Due to the high humidity in the steam room, lighting requires careful attention and precautions. For safety reasons, waterproof low-voltage lamps with a voltage of not more than 24V and a degree of protection of at least IP 65 are installed, designed to illuminate pools.

The “starry sky” spot lighting system looks very elegant, which is built into the ceiling and consists of fiber-optic lamps. Lighting is one of the main design techniques for a Turkish bath. Thanks to the thoughtful selection and placement of lamps, a feeling of an oriental fairy tale is created.

Sewerage

The sewerage system in the Turkish hammam is equipped with a drain with a locking device so that unpleasant odors do not penetrate into the bath room. The qurna (marble ablution bowl) does not drain into the sewer. The sewer system of the hamam bath is connected to the common house.

Ventilation

The presence of a ventilation hood is a prerequisite for the construction of a hammam. For a comfortable stay in the steam room, where the humidity reaches 100%, air renewal is required every 10 minutes. The steam generator regularly throws steam into the room, which turns into condensate. If you build ventilation into a common cycle with other rooms in the house, then water will condense in the ventilation system and may form smudges in living rooms. Therefore, if prolonged use of the bath is expected, more than 2 hours, ventilation is connected to the general house system, a steam separator is installed to dry the humid air.

The adjustable ventilation valve is usually located on the ceiling and is always open.

Turkish bath special equipment

The success of turning an ordinary room of a country house into an eastern corner depends not only on the correct selection of building materials, but also on additional technical equipment.

steam generator

The main device of the Turkish bath equipment is the steam generator.

The Turkish hammam is characterized by high humidity, which is maintained by a steam generator. The power of the device is selected, focusing on the size of the bath room. The steam generator is equipped with a temperature sensor that regulates the injection of steam. If the air temperature in the steam room exceeds 55 degrees, then the steam supply to the steam room is blocked. Therefore, in order for the steam to flow uninterruptedly and the steam generator not to turn off, the internal heating system is designed and assembled with the expectation of an air temperature regime of no more than 40-50 degrees. The steam generator is placed in the technical department, and the control panel of the steam generator is located at the entrance to the bath, in the steam room a display is installed with indicators of the actual air temperature. The steam nozzle is located in the bathhouse under the bench.

The remote control has a button for turning on the internal lighting and a block for setting the temperature with two keys. The steam generator is connected to the central water supply and electrical network. It is strictly forbidden to pour water on the device and cover it with a damp towel.

In the domestic market of steam generators, mainly products of the Swedish company Tylo and the Finnish company Helo, Harvia are presented.

The steam generator is turned on 1-1.5 hours before the start of bath procedures.

The latest models of steam generators are equipped with an automatic flushing and draining system, so you should not disconnect the appliance from power and turn off the water supply tap.

Some of the latest steam generators are equipped with self-cleaning electrodes.

flavoring

Unforgettable sensations are given by the use of aromatic oils during bath procedures. essential oils. Many of them have medicinal properties. To spray various phyto essences, an automatic aromatherapy system is used. The flavoring is a matte flask made of stainless metal with a fan, a wick and a remote control panel. All bottles with aromatic oils are replaceable and are represented by a wide range of phyto essences.

How to build a Turkish bath Hamam video

Turkish hammam accessories

Despite the rich oriental decoration, there is nothing superfluous in the hammam: every object and architectural element is functional.

Qurna

Steam comes from under benches equipped with special diffuser nozzles. Since being in a hammam causes increased sweating, a source of water is provided directly inside the steam room - kurna, a wall bowl for ablution that does not have a drain.

Kurna is not only a traditional decorative element, incense and a special soapy solution for massage are prepared in it. Usually kurnas are made of marble. Beautiful copper faucets with hot and cold water, made in the old oriental style, are connected to the kurna. Sometimes a “tropical shower” shower is installed in the steam room, creating a plentiful uniform flow of water and then you can wash yourself without leaving the steam room.

A door made of heat-resistant tempered glass with a magnetic seal of the porch is installed in the doorway. An important condition for the door structure is the presence of a gap under the glass.

Massage table and beds

After installing the kurna, they equip benches and a massage table in accordance with the dimensions indicated in the project. The massage table and benches are usually built of brick. They must be heated. The surface area of ​​the table can be different: from the classic one, which allows to accommodate several people, to the narrow one, designed for one person.

The height of the table is 80 cm for comfortable work of the massage therapist. The last stage is facing with mosaic, marble or ceramic tiles. For finishing sunbeds, seats and massage tables, bathing experts recommend preferring natural marble. Marble heats up quickly and is more durable.

Design

To keep the hammam in a real oriental style, the floor and ceiling are decorated with mosaics, decorative panels and ceramic paintings with traditional ornaments. For wall cladding, both marble tiles and multi-colored mosaics are used.

The interior design of the Turkish bath is determined by the taste preferences of the owner and the imagination of the designer.

Rules for the safe use of the hammam

1. Sunbeds, seats, walls and floors are heated to a comfortable, body-friendly temperature.
2. For electrical wiring, a heat-resistant and moisture-resistant electrical cable is used.
3. To illuminate the hammam, special low-voltage lamps with a moisture-proof and heat-resistant function are fixed on the walls and ceiling.
4. The sewerage in the Turkish hammam is equipped with a non-return valve against odor penetration.
5. The heating of the hammam is turned on a few hours before using the steam room and the air temperature is programmed at 45-50 degrees.
6. The steam generator is turned on 1.5-2 hours before the start of the bath ceremony. After completing the procedures, it is not disconnected from the network so that the automatic flushing system works. Sprinkler flushing machine sprays disinfectant.
7. After the use of the bath is completed, cleaning is carried out using detergents.
8. Twice a year, a preventive inspection of technical equipment is carried out and the steam generator is cleaned.

Ancient traditions and modern management

The control of the technical equipment of the Turkish bath is becoming more and more automated. To do this, it is enough to program the desired operating mode and the automation will do everything by itself: heat and maintain the set temperature, supply steam, regulate ventilation. There is even automatic disinfection and rinsing of the bath.

How much is an oriental fairy tale

It is difficult to say how much it costs to build a hammam. The cost of construction depends on many factors: the cubic capacity of the premises, the materials and equipment used, construction and installation work. You should start by choosing a place for a Turkish hammam, consult with experts, look at the prices on the websites of various companies that produce building materials and equipment for Turkish baths, and then decide on the amount.

A visit to the Turkish bath is a real feast for the soul and body. Washing, massage and conversations over tea in the hammam help to escape from everyday routine, restore physical strength and mental balance. A hammam built in your own house and with your own hands will become a favorite place for the whole family and a pleasant surprise for guests.

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