Arguments on the topic "Literature, reading, books" to the composition of the Unified State Exam. Problems: the role of reading, literature, the choice of books, the influence of books on a person, the perception of language. Arguments for the Unified State Exam in Russian on the topic: The role of the book The problem of a person's attitude to reading

The Problem of Reading Books: Arguments from Fiction At times, it seems that books may suffer the same fate as old cassette tapes or computer floppy disks. More than a decade has passed since they have lost their significance. Perhaps not now, but sometime in the distant future, books will lose their primitive meaning, and reality will turn into a soulless, mechanized and automated organism. And if the problem of reading books is on the edge, arguments from literature and life will best illuminate this issue. How it all began When the problem of reading books arises, arguments from literature do not always give an exhaustive answer to this question, but they affect it from all sides. Books in human life appeared in the 5th century. These were scrolls of papyrus that were joined together. Two centuries later, the sheets of parchment began to be stitched together, thereby forming the prototype of the first books. It is not known for certain who and when decided to write down the information, but thanks to this noble impulse, writing appeared, and eventually books. In the Middle Ages, the ability to read was considered the privilege of noble people. And only the wealthiest family could have a book in their home. When paper was introduced, the price of books fell slightly, they became more affordable, but still remained a valuable acquisition. During World War II, few people had books in their homes. As V. Lakshin notes in his works: “in those days it was happiness to read a book”. He tells how the guys were reading Turgenev and Dostoevsky for 10 years. They did not neglect the works of Schiller, whose most popular work at that time was "Treachery and Love." And finally, the digital age. Urbanization and mechanization of society overshadow the book. Young people read little, especially fiction (in particular the classics), because now most of the outstanding works are filmed - watching a movie is much faster and more interesting. The influence of a book on a person Maxim Gorky once said: "A book is worth loving, it will make life easier." And often books become the main factors that shape a person's personality. When considered in this context, the problem of reading books, arguments from fiction will illuminate it very well. For example, you can remember Tatiana Larina from Eugene Onegin. She read the works of the era of romanticism, endowed Onegin with qualities that he never possessed, and when she realized what was happening, she was not even disappointed. Because of her hobby, she is constantly in some kind of elevated state, denies the vanity and pettiness of the mortal world, her ideals were largely identified thanks to books, which is why she is so different from her peers. The influence of books on the formation of the human personality can be traced in the work of Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". It is worth remembering the moment where Sonya Marmeladova reads a passage from the Bible. Imbued with the idea of ​​God's boundless mercy, Raskolnikov, being in Ostrog, reads it. The book is the last refuge. And no matter how positively the book influences a person, whatever the arguments, the problem of reading books has always existed in society. Now this is the problem of "not reading", and earlier - the lack of books. In difficult times, when a book appeared in the hands of a person, he literally came to life before our eyes. Having scanned the first lines with his eyes, the person seemed to disappear into another world. It is worth remembering the story of A. Pristavkin "Rogozhsky Market". Military Moscow. Everyone is trying to survive as best they can. The main character History managed to sell a bunch of firewood and now wants to buy potatoes. But, succumbing to the persuasion of the cripple, he acquires a book. Realizing that what has been done cannot be reversed, he reluctantly begins to turn over the pages of Eugene Onegin and, carried away, does not notice how the noise of the market square subsides, and he himself is mentally transferred to a world where balls are circling, champagne is pouring and there is real freedom. The book gave him a sense of delight and hope for the best. I wonder if potatoes can affect a person in this way? A pill for "belief in a miracle" And if you raise the question: "The problem of reading books," arguments from literature open another facet of it. Namely, belief in a miracle. The book makes you not only get distracted from reality, but also believe that everything will be fine. It is worth remembering the story of K. Paustovsky "The Storyteller". The time when the events take place is the beginning of the twentieth century. On Christmas Eve, the main character is presented with a collection of Andersen's fairy tales, he was so carried away by reading that he dozed off under the tree and saw a famous storyteller in a dream. The hero is grateful to Andersen for the fact that he appeared in such a difficult period and made him believe in a miracle. He revived the hope that everything will be fine, and showed the true beauty of life, its greatness and transience, which should be enjoyed every day. The problem of reading books: arguments from life But it is worth returning to the present. The problem of reading books, the arguments of which are presented above, is not yet exhausted. Today, people really read less. Several decades ago, when the Soviet Union still existed, its inhabitants were considered the most reading nation in the world. Each house had a collection of books, and there were queues in the libraries. In particular, this was provoked by fashion and the lack of other ways for entertainment, but then they definitely read more. And the attitude to books was different. Nowadays, you can often see a neatly tied stack of books near the trash can. She, of course, quickly disappears from there, but the facts speak for themselves: to throw out the books, can there be more weighty arguments? The problem with reading books these days is not that people don't read at all, but rather that they "absorb" too much information. If earlier they simply read fairy tales to children, now mothers and grandmothers are looking for advice on the Web on how to read a fairy tale correctly, which fairy tale will be good and which will be bad. All books can now be found in electronic format. But this does not affect the fact that there are fewer people to read. Now people simply consume information, superficially viewing the content, and the good old books, which fascinate with their style, remain in the shadows - there is no time for them. Dystopia This is the problem of reading books in modern society. Arguments in this regard can be cited from the work of Ray Bradbury. He describes a world where there are no books. Also in this world there is no place for conflicts, crimes and humanity. Where do they come from if no one reads? Hence, nothing provokes the creation of the thought process. One of the moments that sticks into memory is the conversation of the protagonist with his wife. The author writes that she sat for days in a room with large holographic screens and talked with non-existent relatives. And to all her husband's questions she only spoke about the need to purchase one more screen, since all the “relatives” do not fit. Is it a utopia or a curse? Let everyone decide for themselves. Life-giving literature Literary critics very often call good works "living books." The modern generation is rarely fond of reading, and if it reads something, it is mostly one-day books. A simple plot, an uncomplicated syllable, a minimum of complex information or facts - a great trio to while away the trip to work. But after such literature it is difficult to pick up the works of Tolstoy, Gogol or Stendhal. After all, here all the information is presented in a complex format - a refined literary syllable, subtext, a complex interweaving of sentences, and most importantly - a topic that always makes you want to think. So, the problem of reading books ... Arguments can be made endlessly on any question. But the main problem of our time is a graceful "mutation". A virus in which readers have become consumers of information: they do not care about the elegant style, conclusions or introduction, they want to know the answer to a specific question. And books that have transformed into content. They can be downloaded or viewed, but it rarely comes to thoughtful reading.

At times, it seems that books may suffer the same fate as old tape cassettes or computer floppy disks. More than a decade has passed since they have lost their significance. Perhaps not now, but sometime in the distant future, books will lose their primitive meaning, and reality will turn into a soulless, mechanized and automated organism. And if life is worth it, the best way to illuminate this issue.

How it all began

When the problem of reading books arises, arguments from literature do not always give an exhaustive answer to this question, but they affect it from all sides.

Books in human life appeared in the 5th century. These were scrolls of papyrus that were joined together. Two centuries later, the sheets of parchment began to be stitched together, thereby forming the prototype of the first books. It is not known for certain who and when decided to write down the information, but thanks to this noble impulse, writing appeared, and eventually books.

In the Middle Ages, the ability to read was considered the privilege of noble people. And only the wealthiest family could have a book in their home. When paper was introduced, the price of books fell slightly, they became more affordable, but still remained a valuable acquisition.

During World War II, few people had books in their homes. As V. Lakshin notes in his works: “in those days it was happiness to read a book”. He tells how the guys were reading Turgenev and Dostoevsky for 10 years. They did not neglect the works of Schiller, whose most popular work at that time was "Treachery and Love."

And finally, the digital age. Urbanization and mechanization of society overshadow the book. Young people read little, especially fiction (in particular the classics), because now most of the outstanding works are filmed - watching a movie is much faster and more interesting.

The influence of the book on a person

Maxim Gorky once said: "A book is worth loving, it will make life easier." And often books become the main factors that shape a person's personality. When considered in this context, the problem of reading books, arguments from fiction will illuminate it very well.

For example, you can remember Tatiana Larina from Eugene Onegin. She read the works of the era of romanticism, endowed Onegin with qualities that he never possessed, and when she realized what was happening, she was not even disappointed. Because of her hobby, she is constantly in some kind of elevated state, denies the vanity and pettiness of the mortal world, her ideals were largely identified thanks to books, which is why she is so different from her peers.

The influence of books on the formation of the human personality can be traced in the work of Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". It is worth remembering the moment where he reads a passage from the Bible. Imbued with the idea of ​​God's boundless mercy, Raskolnikov, being in Ostrog, reads it.

The book is the final resting place

And no matter how positively a book influences a person, whatever the arguments, the problem of reading books has always existed in society.

Now this is the problem of "not reading", and earlier - the lack of books. In difficult times, when a book appeared in the hands of a person, he literally came to life before our eyes. Having scanned the first lines with his eyes, the person seemed to disappear into another world.

It is worth remembering the story of A. Pristavkin "Rogozhsky Market". Military Moscow. Everyone is trying to survive as best they can. The protagonist of the story managed to sell a bunch of firewood and now wants to buy potatoes. But, succumbing to the persuasion of the cripple, he acquires a book. Realizing that what has been done cannot be reversed, he reluctantly begins to turn over the pages of Eugene Onegin and, carried away, does not notice how the noise of the market square subsides, and he himself is mentally transferred to a world where balls are circling, champagne is pouring and there is real freedom. The book gave him a sense of delight and hope for the best.

I wonder if potatoes can affect a person in this way?

Pill for "belief in a miracle"

And if we raise the question: "The problem of reading books", arguments from literature open another facet of it. Namely, belief in a miracle. The book makes you not only get distracted from reality, but also believe that everything will be fine. It is worth remembering the story of K. Paustovsky "The Storyteller". The time when the events take place is the beginning of the twentieth century. On Christmas Eve, the main character is presented with a collection of Andersen's fairy tales, he was so carried away by reading that he dozed off under the tree and saw a famous storyteller in a dream. The hero is grateful to Andersen for the fact that he appeared in such a difficult period and made him believe in a miracle. He revived the hope that everything will be fine, and showed the true beauty of life, its greatness and transience, which should be enjoyed every day.

The problem of reading books: arguments from life

But it's worth going back to the present. The problem of reading books, the arguments of which are presented above, is not yet exhausted. Today, people really read less. Several decades ago, when the Soviet Union still existed, its inhabitants were considered the most reading nation in the world. Each house had a collection of books, and there were queues in the libraries. In particular, this was provoked by fashion and the lack of other ways for entertainment, but then they definitely read more. And the attitude to books was different. Nowadays, you can often see a neatly tied stack of books near the trash can. She, of course, quickly disappears from there, but the facts speak for themselves: to throw out the books, can there be more weighty arguments?

The problem with reading books these days is not that people don't read at all, but rather that they "absorb" too much information.

If earlier they simply read fairy tales to children, now mothers and grandmothers are looking for advice on the Web on how to read a fairy tale correctly, which fairy tale will be good and which will be bad. All books can now be found in electronic format. But this does not affect the fact that there are fewer people to read. Now people simply consume information, superficially viewing the content, and the good old books, which fascinate with their style, remain in the shadows - there is no time for them.

Dystopia

This is the problem of reading books in modern society. Arguments in this regard can be cited from the work of Ray Bradbury. He describes a world where there are no books. Also in this world there is no place for conflicts, crimes and humanity. Where do they come from if no one reads? Hence, nothing provokes the creation of the thought process. One of the moments that sticks into memory is the conversation of the protagonist with his wife. The author writes that she sat for days in a room with large holographic screens and talked with non-existent relatives. And to all her husband's questions she only spoke about the need to purchase one more screen, since all the “relatives” do not fit. Is it a utopia or a curse? Let everyone decide for themselves.

Life-giving literature

Very often literary critics call good works "living books". The modern generation is rarely fond of reading, and if it reads something, it is mostly one-day books. A simple plot, an uncomplicated syllable, a minimum of complex information or facts - a great trio to while away the trip to work. But after such literature it is difficult to pick up the works of Tolstoy, Gogol or Stendhal. After all, here all the information is presented in a complex format - a refined literary syllable, subtext, a complex interweaving of sentences, and most importantly - a topic that always makes you want to think.

So, the problem of reading books ... Arguments can be made endlessly on any question. But the main problem of our time is a graceful "mutation". A virus in which readers have become consumers of information: they do not care about the elegant style, conclusions or introduction, they want to know the answer to a specific question. And books that have transformed into content. They can be downloaded or viewed, but it rarely comes to thoughtful reading.

Arguments for an essay on the Russian language.
Reading. Books. Literature.
The problem of reading, the role of reading, the role of literature, attitudes towards literature, the choice of books, the displacement of books, the influence of books on a person, language, perception of literature and language.

What is the role of reading in a person's life? What is the role of literature in human life?

Each person is obliged to take care of his intellectual development. This is his duty to the society in which he lives and to himself. The main way of your intellectual development is reading.

How to love reading?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
Reading, for it to be effective, must interest the reader. An interest in reading must be developed in oneself. Interest can be largely the result of self-education. Literature gives us a colossal, vast and deepest experience of life, makes you wise. But all this is given only when you read, delving into all the little things. For the most important thing is often in the little things. And such reading is possible only when you read with pleasure, not because this or that work needs to be read, but because you like it. A person should have favorite works, which he refers to repeatedly. "Disinterested" but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person's horizons.

How to choose the right books?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
Reading should not be casual. This is a huge waste of time, and time is the greatest value that should not be wasted on trifles. One should read according to the program, of course, without following it rigidly, departing from it where there are additional interests for the reader. You need to compose reading programs for yourself, consulting with knowledgeable people, with existing reference manuals of various types. But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with the book, and you will understand that there are many books you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs.
Therefore, it is necessary to read contemporary literature as well. Don't just throw yourself at every fancy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity makes a person recklessly spend the greatest and most precious capital that he possesses - his time.

How to read it correctly?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
The danger of reading is the development (conscious or unconscious) in oneself of a tendency to "diagonal" viewing of texts or to various types of high-speed reading methods.
Speed ​​Reading creates the appearance of knowledge. It can be tolerated only in certain types of professions, beware of creating a habit of high-speed reading, it leads to attention disease. Reading in a relaxed atmosphere makes a great impression.
Learn to read not only for school answers and not only because this or that thing is being read by everyone now - it is fashionable. Learn to read with interest and without rushing.

Why is the TV crowding out the book?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
Yes, because the TV makes you slowly watch some kind of program, sit down more comfortably so that nothing bothers you, it distracts you from worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with a choice. Spend your time on what is worth it. Determine for yourself your choice, in accordance with the role that the book you have chosen has acquired in the history of human culture in order to become a classic. This means that there is something essential in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will turn out to be essential for you as well?

What does book boom mean?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
Today there are private libraries in so many homes. There is even such a phenomenon - the book boom. The book boom is wonderful! And the fact that people are interested in books, buy, stand in line for books is good, it speaks of some kind of cultural upsurge in our society. But I may be told that the books do not fall to those who need them. Sometimes they serve as decoration; acquired because of beautiful bindings, etc. But this is not so bad either. The book will always find someone who needs it. We remember how people began to take an interest in literature - through the libraries they found with their father or with their relatives. So the book will find its reader someday.

How to compose a personal library correctly?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
As for the personal library, this issue must be approached very responsibly. Not only because the personal library is considered the owner's business card, but because it sometimes becomes a prestigious moment. If a person buys books only for prestige, then he does it in vain. In the first conversation, he will betray himself. It will become clear that he himself has not read books, and if he did, he did not understand. Don't make your library too big. At home there should be books for repeated reading, classics (and, moreover, favorite ones), and most of all reference books, dictionaries, bibliography. They can sometimes replace an entire library. Be sure to keep your own bibliography and note on the cards of this bibliography what in this book seems important and necessary to you.
I repeat. If you need a book for one-time reading, you should not purchase it. And the art of compiling personal libraries is to refrain from acquiring such books.

How can books affect a person?
An argument from Ray Bradbury's dystopian novel "Fahrenheit 451"
A prime example that shows the value of books is Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451. The main character Guy Montag works as a firefighter, but not in the usual sense for us: instead of putting out fires, he burns houses with books. Books in this society are under the strictest prohibition, because it is easier for the government to manage people who do not have knowledge and a free mind. Everything changes in Montague's life when he gets acquainted with the world of books: he begins to think critically, he has his own opinion. This is how the hero turns into a resistance agent. At the end of the novel, the hope remains that, perhaps, it is he and people like him who will change the terrible reality.

How does literature affect a person's life?

Literature makes a person spiritually developed. In a dystopian story, M. Gelprin paints the reader a terrible picture of reality, in which literature could not get along with progress and completely died out. Literature was what shaped the minds, it determined the inner world of a person, his spirituality. “Children grow up spiritless, that's what is scary,” exclaimed one of the few remaining teachers of literature, Andrei Petrovich. Most people were not aware of the problem. The exception was the robot tutor, who realized that children grow up spiritless, and secretly from his masters came to one of the few teachers of literature to learn the basics. His goal was to educate children. A robot named Maxim, who came into contact with the world of literature, "at first deaf to the word, does not perceive, does not feel the harmony embedded in the language, every day comprehends it and knows it better, deeper than the previous one." As a result, he was disposed of, but his sacrifice was not in vain, he taught Anya and Pavlik, the children of the owners, to love literature. This means that all is not yet lost.

What is literature?
Argument from Michael Gelprin's story "".
The main character of the story “on the table” by M. Gelprin, teaching the robot Maxim, discusses what literature is. “Literature is not only what is written about ... It is also how it is written. Language ... is the very instrument that great writers and poets used. " In other words, not only the intricate plot is important in literary works, but also the richness of the language, which becomes a tool that awakens life in the reader. Language is harmony. The purpose of literature is to educate minds, and the beauty of the literary language helps to achieve this main goal.

How to learn to perceive the beauty of an artistic word?
An argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
The art of speech is the most difficult art, requiring from a person the greatest inner culture, philological knowledge and philological experience. This Greek word can be translated like this - “love of the word”. But in reality philology is broader. At different times, philology was understood as different areas of culture: culture, not just science. Therefore, the answer to the question of what philology is can be given only through a detailed, painstaking historical study of this concept, starting from the Renaissance.
The role of philology is precisely connecting, and therefore especially important. It combines literary studies and linguistics in the study of the style of the work - the most difficult area of ​​literary criticism. She demands deep knowledge not only on the history of languages, but also on knowledge of the realities of a particular era, the aesthetic ideas of its time, the history of ideas, etc.
I will give examples of how important a philological understanding of the meaning of words is. New meaning arises from the combination of words, and sometimes from their simple repetition. Here are a few lines from the poem "Away" by a good Soviet poet, and, moreover, a simple, accessible one - N. Rubtsov:
And everything sticks out.
A neighbor sticks out in the doorway,
The awakened aunts stick out behind him,
Words stick out
A bottle of vodka sticks out
A senseless dawn sticks out in the window!
Again window glass in the rain,
Again the fog pulls and chills ...
If it were not for the last two lines in this stanza, then the repetitions "sticking out", "sticking out" would not be full of meaning. But only a philologist can explain this magic of words ...
The fact is that literature is not only the art of the word, it is the art of overcoming the word, the acquisition of a special "lightness" by the word from the combinations of words. Above all the meanings of individual words in the text, above the text, there is still some super-meaning, which turns the text from a simple sign system into an artistic system. Combinations of words, and only they give rise to associations in the text, reveal the necessary shades of meaning in the word, create the emotionality of the text. Just as the weight of the human body is overcome in dance, the uniqueness of color is overcome in painting through color combinations, in sculpture the usual dictionary meanings of a word are overcome. The word in combinations takes on such shades that cannot be found in the best historical dictionaries of the Russian language.
It is absolutely clear that one cannot study literature without being at least a little bit of a linguist, one cannot be a textologist without delving into the hidden meaning of the text, the entire text, and not just individual words of the text.
Words in poetry mean more than they call, the "signs" of which they are. These words are always present in poetry - whether when they enter into a metaphor, into a symbol, or they are themselves, whether when they are associated with realities that require some knowledge from readers, or when they are associated with historical associations.
Every intelligent person should be at least a little philologist. This is what the culture demands.
You may ask me: well, I urge everyone to be philologists, to become all specialists in the humanities? I do not call to be specialists, professionals in the humanities. Of course, all professions are needed, and these professions must be equally and expediently distributed in society. But ... every specialist, every engineer, doctor, every nurse, every carpenter or turner, driver or loader, crane operator and tractor driver must have a cultural outlook. There should be no one who is blind to beauty, deaf to the word and real music, callous to good, unconscious to the past. And for all this you need knowledge, you need intelligence, given by the humanities. Read fiction and understand it, read history books and love the past of humanity, read travel literature, memoirs, read art literature, visit museums, travel meaningfully and be spiritually rich. Yes, be also philologists, that is, “lovers of the word,” for the word stands at the beginning of culture and completes it, expresses it.

What role do books play in our lives?
Argument from L. Ulitskaya's novel "The Green Tent"
A book is a friend of man. With the help of books, children learn about the world, and adults return to their childhood memories. In L. Ulitskaya's novel, the book occupies an exceptional place in the life of the main characters: Mikha, Sani and Ilya. Even at school, the guys join the circle of lovers of Russian literature, are fond of Pushkin and Tolstoy, re-read the letters of the Decembrists and compose their first poems. The love of reading does not fade away in them over the years: in their student years they try to get hold of forbidden books, carefully pass them from hand to hand, rewrite and photograph excerpts. Thoughts and theories gleaned from books become food for long nocturnal conversations. In them, children learn about new trends and "get acquainted" with an alternative position, prohibited by official literature. We can say that books define their lives. Ilya becomes a dissident and is engaged in the distribution of samizdat, and Mikha is published in banned literary and political magazines. In the final chapter of the novel, the already elderly Sanya, who is in exile, goes to visit Joseph Brodsky to listen to his poems for the last time.

Revealing the problem of choosing books for reading, the author relies on his own thoughts, his reading experience. The writer deduces three laws of reading. The first law is that there are no books that are too early to read. Second, there are books that are too late to read. The third - it is in adolescence that you need to make a list of books to read. The critic explains the essence of each law. For each person, there are different age limits for reading a particular book.

But there are works that we should only read as children, for example, "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer." MO Chudakova is convinced that there is no need to waste time reading "empty, accidentally handled or just fashionable" books.

It is impossible not to agree with the opinion of the author. There are many printed materials in the world, and in order to make the right choice, you need to have a compass in this sea of ​​books. This compass is the list of books you need to read. We don't have much time to waste on useless books.

Let's turn to literary examples... Let us recall the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". His heroine Tatyana Larina reads the sentimental novels of the Englishman Richardson and the Frenchman Russo, which replaced everything for her: in them she found her ideal, food for her heart and mind, from which she formed her idea of ​​the future idol of her soul. Another hero of the novel, Eugene Onegin, read the English economist Adam Smith and rejected the ancient Greek poets Homer and Theocritus, apparently following fashion. To overcome the spiritual crisis, Onegin turns to reading, placing a shelf in rows of books, but he could not choose the one that would help him find the meaning of life.

The problem of choosing works for reading is also revealed in the novel by IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov recognizes only one book - "Matter and Force", written by the vulgar materialist Büchner. With amazement, the future healer learns that the father of his friend Arkady Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is reading Pushkin. Bazarov is convinced that it is time for the elder Kirsanov to quit "this nonsense", since the time of romantics has long passed. Denial of art impoverishes Bazarov's personality.

Let's summarize. We have made sure that the correct choice of books plays an important role in the formation of the personality, in the development of the worldview, and therefore we need to take seriously the choice of books for reading.

What is the role of a book in a person's life? The problem of choosing books for reading. Why did young people read less?

Abstracts

Books are a tool for implanting wisdom.

The newest and most original book is the one that makes you love the old truths.

The greatest treasure is a good library.

Quotes

- “The world of the book is the world of a real miracle” (L. Leonov).

- « Good book- just a holiday "(M. Gorky).

- “Reading is the best teaching” (AS Pushkin).

- “Literature is the conscience of society, its soul” (DS Likhachev).

- “In order to be educated and not to be below the level of the environment in which you have fallen, it is not enough to read only Pickwick and memorize a monologue from“ Faust ”... Here you need continuous day and night work, eternal reading, study, will ... Every hour is precious here” (A. P. Chekhov)

She has no sleep from French books

And the Russians hurt me to sleep.

- (Griboyedov A.S.)

- “Seeing a perfectly published empty book is just as unpleasant as seeing an empty person using all the material benefits of life” (Belinsky V.G.)

- "Books of sayings ... not only do not suppress the independent activity of the mind, but, on the contrary, cause it" (Tolstoy L. N)

The book is the life of our time, everyone needs it - both old and small. (Belinsky V.G.)

- “Love the book, it makes your life easier, it will help you in a friendly way to understand the motley and stormy confusion of thoughts, feelings, events, it will teach you to respect a person and yourself, it inspires the mind and heart with a feeling of love for the world, for humanity” (Gorky M. )

Literary arguments

What is the meaning of the scene with the reading of the Gospel in the novel Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment"? It's not about the book, which Raskolnikov never opened, but a thought flashed through him: "Can't her convictions not be my convictions now?" Sonechka's thoughts, supported by reading this book, are organic: “You can cross yourself, but you cannot cross someone else’s life.” Even not read, but passed through the soul of another person, books can have a strong impact on feelings, views.

Home and city - traditional components Bulgakovsky the artistic world in the novel "White Guard". The space of the novel is the Kiev apartment of the Turbins. The motives of comfort, spirituality, divine warmth are fixed by objects: a tablecloth, a book, a hearth. The center of this world is Pushkin's book "The Captain's Daughter": an instruction to preserve honor and dignity. Home, family, spiritual values ​​remain for most writers the main hope for the return of normal life, for the preservation of culture.

Tatiana (A.S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin") after Onegin's departure, he enters his office, where every little thing reminds of him. As a result of acquaintance with Onegin's library, with the notes he made on the margins of his favorite books, the inner world of the hero is revealed to Tatiana. Touching the books, she touched the soul of another person and realized that besides love, there are other interests and aspirations. Pushkin showed how in Tatiana, thanks to inquisitive reading, a revival takes place.

Possible entry / conclusion option

Reading, we travel not through the pages, but through the vast Russian expanses. We rest in our souls in hospitable Oblomovka, admire Turgenev's noble nests, suffocate from the heat with Raskolnikov in St. Petersburg, wander in search of happiness with the Nekrasov peasants ...

In literature, facts are known, how the heroes perceived, passed through themselves, through their souls the books they read ...

Our Russian literature is our pride: great impulses of spirit are captured in it. We enter the wondrous world of literature, like a fairytale temple, where the minds and hearts of true artists burn brightly. In the temple, purifying our souls, we rise from our knees in life. Literature elevates the human soul, creates a hymn to feeling, reason.

Vi. Cultural problems

The problem of preserving monuments of the cultural heritage of the past.

The problem of preserving monuments of antiquity and respect for them

Abstracts

The monument enhances the memory left by the person.

Quotes

Literary arguments

Introduction

The problem of respect for cultural heritage has always remained in the center of general attention. In the difficult post-revolutionary period, when the change in the political system was accompanied by the overthrow of previous values, Russian intellectuals did everything possible to save cultural relics. For example, academician D.S. Likhachev prevented Nevsky Prospekt from being built up with typical high-rise buildings. The Kuskovo and Abramtsevo estates were restored at the expense of Russian cinematographers. The Tula people are also distinguished by the care for the monuments of antiquity: the appearance of the historical center of the city, the churches and the Kremlin are preserved. The conquerors of antiquity burned books and destroyed monuments in order to deprive the people of their historical memory.

The problem of the Russian language

(preservation, littering of the Russian language). The problem of the loss of language culture

Abstracts

Language is alive as life.

The word is also a matter.

The language must be carefully preserved, as values ​​are protected.

The struggle for language is a struggle for culture.

There is no thought without words.

- “With respect to the attitude of each person to his language, one can quite accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also his civic value” (K. Paustovsky).

Quotes

- “There is no point in writing concentration when we have our own good word - condensation” (M. Gorky)

The Russian language is extremely rich, flexible and picturesque for expressing simple, natural concepts (V.G. Belinsky).

The language has a reliable and faithful guardian; this is his own and faithful spirit, a genius (V.G. Belinsky).

Language is the confession of the people, their soul and their native life (P.A.Vyazemsky).

Where the word has not perished, the deed has not perished yet (A.I. Herzen).

You marvel at the jewels of our language: every sound is a gift: everything is grainy, large, like pearls, and, really, a different name for an even more precious thing itself (N.V. Gogol).

Immortality of the people in the language (Ch.T. Aitmatov).

Language is the age-old labor of a whole generation (V.I.Dal).

The wealth of language is an act (N.M. Karamzin).

A word is an act (Leo Tolstoy).

Language is the history of a people. Language is even civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need (A.I. Kuprin).

Literary arguments

In the novel T. Tolstoy "Kys" people have spoiled the Russian language so much that it is no longer possible to recognize the former melodiousness in it, they "throw" words, while pronouncing them by no means correctly. After reading such books, I want to protect and protect our language from jargon and slang.

M. Zoshchenko. Story "Monkey tongue".

I. S. Turgenev. Poem in prose "Russian language".

N.V. Gogol. Poem « Dead Souls» (digression at the end of chapter V).

A. Akhmatova. Poem "Courage".

V.I.Dal. "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language".

Introduction

When we talk about the wealth of Russia, we primarily mean its forests, rivers, and minerals. At the same time, we often forget about such a value of a country as the language spoken by its people. The Russian language is one of the richest languages, which gave the best literature in the world in the 19th century. Unfortunately, in our time, the Russian language is undergoing many negative changes and today we can talk about a serious illness of the language.

The problem of art perception. The problem of spirituality in art. The problem of beauty perception. (What is true beauty?)

Abstracts

Quotes

Literary arguments

Articles by D. Likhachev.

L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

The role of art (mass media) in the spiritual life of society.

The problem of anti-culture

Abstracts

Quotes

Literary arguments

M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". Employees of MASSOLIT write bad works and at the same time dine in restaurants and have summer cottages. They are admired and their literature is revered.

The problem of scientific progress

Abstracts

Cognition of the world can not be stopped by anything.

Scientific progress should not outpace the moral capabilities of man.

The goal of science is to make people happy.

Science is a solid foundation in life.

It is impossible to stop scientific and technological progress.

Man and scientific progress are always in a state of struggle.

Scientists have a huge responsibility for the consequences of scientific discoveries.

Quotes

- "We got on the plane, but we don't know where it will arrive!" (Yu. Bondarev).

Science shortens our experiences of fast-flowing life (A.S. Pushkin).

Progress is inevitable, it cannot be canceled (A.D. Sakharov).

Who needs such technical progress that does not make a person kinder, more cordial, nobler (Yuri Bondarev).

Literary arguments

In the story M. Bulgakova "Heart of a Dog" Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by the thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a "dog's heart" is not yet a man, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

In the work of the Russian Soviet writer and playwright M. Bulgakov. "Fatal eggs" the consequences of a careless attitude to the power of science are most fully reflected. The ingenious and eccentric zoologist Professor Persikov accidentally, instead of large chickens, breeds giant reptiles that threaten civilization. The capital, as well as the rest of the country, is in panic. When it seemed that there would be no salvation, a frost of minus 18 degrees, terrible by the standards of August, suddenly fell. And the reptiles, unable to bear it, died.

In the novel "We" by Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin the main character, D-503, describes his life in the totalitarian "One State". He enthusiastically talks about the math-based organization of society. The author in his work warns people about the harmful influence of scientific and technological progress, about its worst sides, that scientific and technological progress will destroy morality and human feelings, since they do not lend themselves to scientific analysis.

Conclusion

"We got on the plane, but we don't know where it will fly!" - wrote the famous Russian writer Yu. Bondarev. These words sound a warning to all of humanity. Indeed, we are sometimes very careless, we do something “get on the plane” without thinking about what the consequences of our hasty decisions and thoughtless actions will be. And these consequences can be fatal.